sed / grep을 사용하여 두 단어 사이의 텍스트를 추출하는 방법은 무엇입니까?

sed / grep을 사용하여 두 단어 사이의 텍스트를 추출하는 방법은 무엇입니까?

---

문자열의 두 단어 사이에있는 모든 것을 포함하는 문자열을 출력하려고합니다.

입력:

"Here is a String"

산출:

"is a"

사용 :

sed -n '/Here/,/String/p'

끝점을 포함하지만 포함하고 싶지 않습니다.

---

sed -e 's/Here\(.*\)String/\1/'

---

GNU grep은 긍정적 및 부정적 미리보기 및 되돌아보기를 지원할 수도 있습니다. 귀하의 경우 명령은 다음과 같습니다.

echo "Here is a string" | grep -o -P '(?<=Here).*(?=string)'

여러 번이있는 경우 Here그리고 string, 당신은 당신이 처음부터 일치 할 것인지 여부를 선택할 수 있습니다 Here마지막으로 string또는 개별적으로 일치합니다. 정규식에서는 욕심쟁이 일치 (첫 번째 경우) 또는 비 탐욕적인 일치 (두 번째 경우)라고합니다.

$ echo 'Here is a string, and Here is another string.' | grep -oP '(?<=Here).*(?=string)' # Greedy match
 is a string, and Here is another 
$ echo 'Here is a string, and Here is another string.' | grep -oP '(?<=Here).*?(?=string)' # Non-greedy match (Notice the '?' after '*' in .*)
 is a 
 is another 

---

수락 된 답변은 이전 Here또는 이후에 있을 수있는 텍스트를 제거하지 않습니다 String. 이것은 :

sed -e 's/.*Here\(.*\)String.*/\1/'

주요 차이점은 .*바로 Here앞뒤에를 추가하는 것입니다 String.

---

Bash 에서만 문자열을 제거 할 수 있습니다 .

$ foo="Here is a String"
$ foo=${foo##*Here }
$ echo "$foo"
is a String
$ foo=${foo%% String*}
$ echo "$foo"
is a
$

PCRE 가 포함 된 GNU grep이 있는 경우 너비가 0 인 어설 션을 사용할 수 있습니다.

$ echo "Here is a String" | grep -Po '(?<=(Here )).*(?= String)'
is a

---

GNU awk를 통해

$ echo "Here is a string" | awk -v FS="(Here|string)" '{print $2}'
 is a 

grep with -P( perl-regexp ) 매개 변수는 \K이전에 일치 된 문자를 삭제하는 데 도움이되는를 지원합니다 . 우리의 경우 이전에 일치 된 문자열이 Here최종 출력에서 ​​버려졌습니다.

$ echo "Here is a string" | grep -oP 'Here\K.*(?=string)'
 is a 
$ echo "Here is a string" | grep -oP 'Here\K(?:(?!string).)*'
 is a 

출력을 원하면 is a아래를 시도해 볼 수 있습니다.

$ echo "Here is a string" | grep -oP 'Here\s*\K.*(?=\s+string)'
is a
$ echo "Here is a string" | grep -oP 'Here\s*\K(?:(?!\s+string).)*'
is a

---

여러 줄이 많은 긴 파일이있는 경우 먼저 숫자 줄을 인쇄하는 것이 유용합니다.

cat -n file | sed -n '/Here/,/String/p'

---

이것은 당신을 위해 일할 수 있습니다 (GNU sed) :

sed '/Here/!d;s//&\n/;s/.*\n//;:a;/String/bb;$!{n;ba};:b;s//\n&/;P;D' file 

This presents each representation of text between two markers (in this instance Here and String) on a newline and preserves newlines within the text.

---

All the above solutions have deficiencies where the last search string is repeated elsewhere in the string. I found it best to write a bash function.

    function str_str {
      local str
      str="${1#*${2}}"
      str="${str%%$3*}"
      echo -n "$str"
    }

    # test it ...
    mystr="this is a string"
    str_str "$mystr" "this " " string"

---

You can use \1 (refer to http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html#uh-4):

echo "Hello is a String" | sed 's/Hello\(.*\)String/\1/g'

The contents that is inside the brackets will be stored as \1.

---

To understand sed command, we have to build it step by step.

Here is your original text

user@linux:~$ echo "Here is a String"
Here is a String
user@linux:~$ 

Let's try to remove Here with substition option in sed

user@linux:~$ echo "Here is a String" | sed 's/Here //'
is a String
user@linux:~$ 

At this point, I believe you would be able to remove String as well

user@linux:~$ echo "Here is a String" | sed 's/String//'
Here is a
user@linux:~$ 

But this is not your desired output.

To combine two sed commands, use -e option

user@linux:~$ echo "Here is a String" | sed -e 's/Here //' -e 's/String//'
is a
user@linux:~$ 

Hope this helps

---

Problem. My stored Claws Mail messages are wrapped as follows, and I am trying to extract the Subject lines:

Subject: [SLC38A9 lysosomal arginine sensor; mTORC1 pathway] Key molecular
 link in major cell growth pathway: Findings point to new potential
 therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer [mTORC1 Activator SLC38A9 Is
 Required to Efflux Essential Amino Acids from Lysosomes and Use Protein as
 a Nutrient] [Re: Nutrient sensor in key growth-regulating metabolic pathway
 identified [Lysosomal amino acid transporter SLC38A9 signals arginine
 sufficiency to mTORC1]]
Message-ID: <20171019190902.18741771@VictoriasJourney.com>

Per A2 in this thread, How to use sed/grep to extract text between two words? the first expression, below, "works" as long as the matched text does not contain a newline:

grep -o -P '(?<=Subject: ).*(?=molecular)' corpus/01

[SLC38A9 lysosomal arginine sensor; mTORC1 pathway] Key

However, despite trying numerous variants (.+?; /s; ...), I could not get these to work:

grep -o -P '(?<=Subject: ).*(?=link)' corpus/01
grep -o -P '(?<=Subject: ).*(?=therapeutic)' corpus/01
etc.

Solution 1.

Per Extract text between two strings on different lines

sed -n '/Subject: /{:a;N;/Message-ID:/!ba; s/\n/ /g; s/\s\s*/ /g; s/.*Subject: \|Message-ID:.*//g;p}' corpus/01

which gives

[SLC38A9 lysosomal arginine sensor; mTORC1 pathway] Key molecular link in major cell growth pathway: Findings point to new potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer [mTORC1 Activator SLC38A9 Is Required to Efflux Essential Amino Acids from Lysosomes and Use Protein as a Nutrient] [Re: Nutrient sensor in key growth-regulating metabolic pathway identified [Lysosomal amino acid transporter SLC38A9 signals arginine sufficiency to mTORC1]]                              

Solution 2.*

Per How can I replace a newline (\n) using sed?

sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' corpus/01

will replace newlines with a space.

Chaining that with A2 in How to use sed/grep to extract text between two words?, we get:

sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' corpus/01 | grep -o -P '(?<=Subject: ).*(?=Message-ID:)'

which gives

[SLC38A9 lysosomal arginine sensor; mTORC1 pathway] Key molecular  link in major cell growth pathway: Findings point to new potential  therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer [mTORC1 Activator SLC38A9 Is  Required to Efflux Essential Amino Acids from Lysosomes and Use Protein as  a Nutrient] [Re: Nutrient sensor in key growth-regulating metabolic pathway  identified [Lysosomal amino acid transporter SLC38A9 signals arginine  sufficiency to mTORC1]] 

This variant removes double spaces:

sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g; s/\s\s*/ /g' corpus/01 | grep -o -P '(?<=Subject: ).*(?=Message-ID:)'

giving

[SLC38A9 lysosomal arginine sensor; mTORC1 pathway] Key molecular link in major cell growth pathway: Findings point to new potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer [mTORC1 Activator SLC38A9 Is Required to Efflux Essential Amino Acids from Lysosomes and Use Protein as a Nutrient] [Re: Nutrient sensor in key growth-regulating metabolic pathway identified [Lysosomal amino acid transporter SLC38A9 signals arginine sufficiency to mTORC1]]

참고URL : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13242469/how-to-use-sed-grep-to-extract-text-between-two-words